An increasingly competitive landscape and high airfreight costs have put pressure on air cargo in some landlocked parts of Africa.
Most African shipments are perishables, but for mining economies such as Zambia, which is landlocked in southern Africa, mining-related materials, as a percentage of total imports, have declined in recent years.
Generally, there has been a steady decline of imports and exports since 2018 in the country. Imports to year-end 2021 were …